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2015 Vol.0 Issue.5
Published 2015-09-20
5
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 5-8 [
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Gendered Transformation：Gender Order in The Process of Rural China's Full-Scale Marketization——Based on A Case Study of Rural Fairs in City of Q, Shandong Province
GUAN Tian-xin
Trading in rural fairs has always been an important way for Chinese farmers to supplement family income. Because of the traditional gender-based division of labor and gender norms, rural fairs had always been dominated by men. But this situation has changed after the economic reform in 1978, and since then trading in rural fair has gradually become rural women's business. Three generations of women have grown chronologically together with urbanization and marketization. The goal of this paper is to explore the relationships between the economic transition in rural China and changes in gender system by analyzing the different experiences of women of different generations working in rural fairs. This paper concludes that the process of full-scale marketization in rural China to a large extent is based on the utilization and reproduction of gender order in rural families.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 9-11 [
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592
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Emotional Strategy and Expectation of Family Relationships among Middle-Aged Rural Women: Practice among Women in Shang Cun, Hebei Province
ZHANG Ai-hua
This paper adopts ethnography in an analysis of family relationships in Shang Cun Village, Hebei and finds that middle-aged village women develop new strategies to construct intergenerational relationships upon reflections on their lives. Different from the traditional "absence" of mothers-in-law in intergenerational support, these middle-aged women actively build their relationships with their daughters-in-law. Through giving up work to care for the young and mend close ties, they try to "produce" amicable relationships and harmonious family ethics so as to "inspire" children's appreciation, dependency and promise of care for their old age. Under the domination of patriarchy and market-based economy, middle-aged women's power in the construction of intergenerational relationships is hidden, and they have to face the challenges of both losing their power and the disappearance of mothers-in-law as a group.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 19-28 [
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567
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"The Importance of Being Cosmopolitan"?: Consumer Culture, and the "Economy of Dignity" of Urban "Second-Wives" in Contemporary China
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XIAO Suo-wei
Inspired by the framework of socio-emotional meanings of consumption, this article explores the experiences of urban women who were involved in a so-called second-wife relationship (long-term quasi-marital arrangement between a married man and an economically dependent woman) in contemporary China, and analyzes the social and cultural contexts within which their personal choices of intimate relationships were embedded. With a careful examination of their motivations, trajectories, and strategies for entering, staying in, and in some cases, leaving second-wife arrangements, I illuminate the contradictions and conflicts these women encountered in their pursuit of cosmopolitan lifestyle and intimate relations and explain the ways in which the burgeoning consumer culture,local cultures of gender, and social networks are intertwined shaping urban women’s feminine identities and social belongings.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 29-38 [
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591
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Beyond "Women and Media": Review of the
Beijing Platform for Action
, Chinese Experience and the Evaluation of "Beijing plus 20"
BU Wei
This paper critically reviews and analyzes the aspects related to communication, media, and information in the
Beijing Platform for Action
, including the discussion of information production, information for women's empowerment, social mobilization, women's participation in communications, and governance in mass media. The paper proposes that we should go beyond the two strategic goals of "women and the media" to examine the role of communication in promoting gender equality and social change.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 38-48 [
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568
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Mutual Development and Limited Reflections: Review of 20 Years' Media Communications and Gender Equality
LIU Li-qun, WANG Qin
This paper examines the development of "women and media" in China since the 4
th
World Conference on Women held in 1995 and demonstrates that gender studies have become an important dimension of media communications, gender issues have been brought into the agenda setting of media communication, media monitoring has provided significant evidence for gender equality evaluation and a basis for partnerships between women's circle and media to promote gender-sensitive public policies. At the same time, while media communications and gender equality have experienced 20 years of development, there remains room for reflections on overcoming difficulties in advancing academic research so as to improve media practices.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 49-55 [
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598
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Sexual Violence Is a Type of Domestic Violence: Based on
the Draft Anti-Domestic Violence Law
LI Chun-bin
"Sexual violence" as an independent act of domestic violence has been commonly recognized by not only the majority of countries and regions in the world but also by different academic disciplines. Currently in China, given that there is recognition of it as an act of domestic violence in existing quasi legal documents, it is high time to assess the related judicial experiences and adopt a law governing on the issue. "Sexual violence" is not only an abuse of rights and interests in the family but also a lost of self independence in the family. Thus, recognizing that sexual violence is an act of domestic violence. The law should provide clear definition of physical, psychological and sexual violence and add an article on the prohibition of all forms of domestic violence so as to declare the will of the public to stop domestic violence.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 56-63 [
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562
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Costume and Ritual: Demonstration of Rites of Women's "Three Obediences" in Zhou Dynasty
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WANG Xiao-Jian
Women's "Three Obediences", namely, obedience to the father before marriage, obedience to the husband after marriage and to the son after the husband's death, first appeared in the
Book of Ceremony and Ritual: Mourning
. This book explained why married women should wear mourning for their deceased husbands but not for their deceased fathers; such explanation is filled with symbolism from a modern scholarly perspective. From the "Three obediences" to the symbolisms embedded in clothing at the time of mourning and wedding, one could even clearly observe the group structure and organizational principles and values that were reflected through the symbols of rituals as well as the interaction between these principal factors and individual emotions at the time of ceremony. Women's "Three obediences" were reproduced in the process of reconstruction of the symbols of rituals from generation to generation; such reproduction became part of a gendered system that was internalized as lived experience and guided women's behaviour.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 64-71 [
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514
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Whose Body? Whose Piety?: The Phenomenon of Women "Cutting Flesh to Heal Parents" Recorded in Local Gazetteer of Zhejiang in Ming and Qing Dynasties
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XU Peng
Based on abundant data about "dutiful daughters" and "filial women" recorded in local gazetteer of Zhejiang in Ming and Qing dynasties, this paper emphatically discusses problems such as these women's genre and quality, identity of biographee and the ownership of their bodies from the viewpoint of gendered body. The paper points out that the local gazetteer compilers took measures such as adjusting the compiling styles and changing narrative strategies to attract more young women to fulfill their filial duty to honour their fathers, husbands or brothers. This would have resulted in more women and even younger women willing to cut their flesh to heal parents, and thereby meeting the needs of elite Confucian intellectuals for fulfilling their own piety and righteousness and constructing their own self-identity.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 72-80 [
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Moral Images of Women in Gentry Households in Qing Dynasty: Based on Women's Memorial-Biographies
SHI Xiao-ling
Folklore in Qing and Ming dynasties was filled with two types of women, strong and capable, on one hand, and women prostitutes, on the other, while in official records, chaste women appeared in such a higher number than the total of their counterparts in the previous dynasty. These chaste women celebrated officials often only had their names, or were only known as their fathers' daughters or their husbands' wives. Some of them left a story of their unfortunate and sometimes abusive encounters without an account of their emotions. It is only through biographies of some of these women that one could have a clear understanding of what experiences they went through during the last years of their lives and how their experiences were used as moral images of good wives and mothers. These biographies were written usually by husbands in memory of their wives in order to influence other women to also observe moral rule under the male domination. In between the accounts, however, the real personal reasons of their wives' heroic behaviour and how these women had been bound by their families' prestige were discussed. Researchers, thus, are able to piece together portraits, including self-portraits, of women and gain an understanding of how these portraits helped establish the moral images of women under the male domination in Qing dynasty.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 80-88 [
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559
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The Rise of Feminist Neuroethics: Neuroscientific Research on Sex Differences in the Brain
XIAO Wei
In contemporary neuroscience, a key concern is about the study of sex differences in the brain. Since the 21st century, the study has been quietly giving rise to a new trend in feminist bioethics - feminist neuroethics, a new bioethical theory, which aims at researching and explaining from a feminist perspective a series of social, ethical and legal issues stemming from the development of neuroscientific work. Currently, feminist neuroethics pays strong attention to the topic of sex differences in the brain. Some scholars attempt to analyze and interpret a variety of new neuroscientific discoveries concerning sex differences in the brain from a feminist perspective.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 89-95 [
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554
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The Other's Eyes:On the Transformation of Themes in British Women's Travel Literature
YANG Li-xin
In recent years, travel writing has attracted more and more academic attentions because of its intersecting properties in terms of literature, culture, history , geography and anthropology. It has been argued that considering the travel literature writers' construction of foreign experience from a gender perspective would be of great importance for culture research. British women's travel literature not only witnesses the transformation on women writers as well as their figures, from the fantasy of traveling to a real trip. It also records on the progress of women's rights, as they struggle in the cramped social space, become partly involved in constructing the imperial discourses and make a clear distinction between themselves and the violent males. Globally, British women travel writers are successful in getting rid of the regional and cultural prejudices and achieving an efficient communication and understanding between different ethnicities, cultures or religions.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 96-102 [
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State of and Factors in China's Social Protection for Maternity: Based on Findings from the 3
rd
National Survey on the Status of Chinese Women
HUANG Gui-xia
This paper examines the factors that influence the level of social protection for maternity based on the findings of the 3rd National Survey on the Status of Chinese Women on the state of social protection and the government recent policies. It shows that in the past ten years, the rate of women workers who enjoy granted maternity leave has increased and there is also an increase of the rate of women who take paid and/or subsidized leaves. However, the subsidy is still very low. The majority of the women have to pay part of the cost of delivery in hospitals. Rural women have a higher rate of self paid delivery in hospitals. The examination also shows that the level of social protection for maternity in China is heavily influenced by the existing policy and the gap between urban rural areas. Occupational status is an important factor influencing the level of social protection for maternity.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 103-111 [
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507
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2015 Vol. 0 (5): 112-116 [
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450
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A Literature Review on the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Gender Inequality in Labor Markets
LIU Peng-cheng, WANG Xiao-jie, LI Hong-yang
FDI is increasingly influencing the employment and wage distribution between men and women in host countries, an issue that has attracted the attention of economists. This article first summarizes and reflects on the theoretical perspectives on the mechanisms of FDI that influence the rise of gender inequality in labor markets in China, especially in relation to gender employment and wage gaps based on a review of the available research. It will end with a discussion of the prospects in future research.
2015 Vol. 0 (5): 117-124 [
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479
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954
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2015 Vol. 0 (5): 125-127 [
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462
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773
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