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2014 Vol.0 Issue.5
Published 2014-10-10
CONTENTS
5
The Body and Embodiment: An Exploration Based on New Development in Neuroscience
XIAO Wei
The study of body, embodiment, and the embodied experience is important for constructing not just the human subject, gender identity and gender relationships, but also the relationship between body and mind, and mental health. How to combine contemporary philosophy and the achievements of modern neuroscience in pursuing this study is a challenge faced by contemporary feminist philosophy. This article begins the discussion from "the dualism of body and mind" to "the body phenomenology", then analyzes the issues of the embodiment and the embodied cognition, namely, the female embodied experiences as the new developments in modern neuroscience, so as to identify new directions in the theoretical constrution.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 5-12 [
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510
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13
Changes in Women and Men's Leadership Positions in the Past 20 Years: Based on the 3rd National Survey on the Status of Chinese Women
LI Na
Women leaders are in a weaker position in the structure of political administration and decision-making. This paper conducts historical analysis based on data from the 3rd National Survey on the Status of Chinese Women and identifies different factors influencing leadership positions held by women and men and different characteristics of these factors in different periods of the transitional process in China. As time has changed in social transition, on the one hand, women's leadership positions increasingly depend upon their family background, reflecting a tendency of consolidation of the increase of women leaders. On the other hand, individual psychological factors including leadership qualities, gender equality and expectations become important factors in women holding leadership positions. This shows that women are experiencing emancipation in political consciousness and this emancipation shall prepare women to move higher in leadership positions.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 13-23 [
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472
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24
Gender, Family, and Time Allocation among Chinese University Faculty: Based on 2011 Time Use Study among Chinese Academic and Research Professionals
ZHU Yi-na, LU Yang-xu
This paper uses data from a national-wide sample survey among Chinese academic and research professionals in 2011 to examine the relationships between gender, marital status and the time allocation among university faculty in China. The study finds that: firstly, there are gender differences in total working time, research time, teaching time, and housework time; secondly, marital status affects neither working time, nor the gender differences in working time; thirdly, marital status not only impacts housework time and leisure time, but also strengthens the gender differences in housework time. These findings implicate that the shortage of working time of the female faculty should not be simply attributed to marriage and family. More important factors should be explored.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 24-32 [
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486
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33
Redistribution Effects of the Pension System among the Sexes：Estimates on the Basis of Policies and Statistics in Shanghai
WANG Hua, WANG Run-quan
Pension systems are designed based on a level of redistribution. However, the individual pension account of the current pension system among Chinese urban enterprise workers is used to pay for fundamental annuities, and this thus weakens the process of redistribution. Meanwhile, redistribution between the sexes is stronger than that between the rich and the poor. There is a reverse alterable relationship between the two; that is redistribution between the sexes weakens that between the rich and the poor on the whole. To fully fund individual pension account is beneficial to the redistribution effect of the pension system. To increase the rate of pension improves the redistribution effects, allowing, at the same time, more low-income population to be involved into the pension system. This will encourage that redistribution effects are more sensitive to the growth rate of pension than to that of contributions.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 33-40 [
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535
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41
Policies on Controlling the Imbalance in Sex Ratio, Native Cultures, and Son Preference: The Interaction of These Three Aspects in the Contemporary Chinese Rural Society
YANG Ting, YANG Xue-yan
Using data from a survey of local residents in three different counties in Shaanxi province in 2009, this study adopts the multiple linear regression method so as to analyze the relationship of the policies to control the imbalance in sex ratio with native cultural circles and son preference. This analysis suggests that the Chinese son preference practice is the result of joint effect from the weakening of the policies on the imbalance in sex ratio and the reinforcement of native cultures. The promotion of policies on the imbalance in sex ratio will help advance native cultures, weaken son preference practice, and finally achieve the goal of reducing the sex ratio at birth.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 41-48 [
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517
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49
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 49-50 [
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443
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2014 Vol. 0 (5): 51-53 [
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469
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54
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 54-55 [
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444
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859KB] (
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56
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 56-57 [
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458
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2014 Vol. 0 (5): 58-59 [
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2014 Vol. 0 (5): 60-62 [
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63
Body Rights: The Expression and Practice of the Marriage Law Adopted in 1950
CHEN Han-fei
Since the reformation of law in the late Qing Dynasty, body rights became important issues that were pursued either explicitly or implicitly by various political regimes. After 1949 body rights developed in a process more congenial to the contemporary society. Under the productive mechanism of the discourse of "liberation" the marriage law adopted in 1950 expressed women's demand for breaking away from feudal marital relationship and liberating women's bodies. Freedom was the goal of the Marriage Law and constructing a new image for women was its institutional function. In the practice of the Marriage Law, the use of administrative and legal means represented two different directions in the process of propaganda and mobilization for the Law compared to the implementation of the Law. Through the interplay of power and technicality in the politics of body rights, the body did not gain rights as complete as what it was designed by the system. The body, instead, to some extent was brought under the control of the new mechanisms of power.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 63-70 [
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494
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71
Economic Status of Urban Women Worker in China (1920-1930s) from a Gender Perspective
MA Fang-fang
With the aid of a gender perspective, this paper reveals women workers' economic status in a specific historical period. The development of modern industries accelerated the rising numbers of women workers. Women workers became the largest group among the workingwomen. Going out to work is for women a decisive step toward their own liberation, and is also key to the increase of their status. However, compared with men, women workers were generally in a weaker economic position as fewer women could enter the ranks of "power" in industrial enterprises. Majority women were concentrated in the lower technology department, leading to their overall lower income. Women's lower economic status was the result of the historical and current factors, which were complex and intersecting display among time, space and gender in the contemporary society.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 71-77 [
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468
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Prophecy of Lust, Caution: The Politics of Body in the Family and the State: Comments on Li An's "Explanation" and "Misreading"
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DENG Ru-bing
Zhang Ailing constructed a field of "family-state" in her Lust, Caution, where female body was regarded "sex object" controlled by "enemies" and trampled by "comrades". Also, women's obsession with materialism is a source of their tragedy.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 78-84 [
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487
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85
Family Policies and Gender Equality in Post-socialist States: Hungary and Poland after 1989
MA Chun-hua
As post-socialist states, Hungary and Poland both reformed their family policies after 1989. Due to the influence of the timing and idea of reforms, family policy in Hungary was very different from that of Poland. During the reforms women with young children, especially with children under 2, were hurt most. Gender equality in these two countries was not improved but worsened because of the emphasis on "maternalism" in the family policies. Polish women are in even worse positions.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 85-93 [
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440
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94
Promoting Changes in Men's Family Roles: A New Pathway in Gender Equality in Employment Policy in Europe and Its Implications for China
ZHANG Liang
Since the 1970s, two distinctly different approaches to childcare have been developed in European countries. One is the development of public care services to help working parents reconciling work and family responsibilities; the other is to challenge and change the gendered division of labor, promoting fathers' share of childcare work and improving gender equality in the labor market. This paper examines "why" and "how" European countries have used social policies to change men's behavior, and to what extent these policies have achieved the expected goals and faced difficulties. It also explores their implications for China.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 94-100 [
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Factors in the Rise of Women Tourist Agents in Western Ethnic Communities in China
ZHANG Li CHU Yu-jie ZHAO Zhen-bin
Along with the development of ethnic tourism, a group of women tourist agents emerge in ethnic communities. This paper interviewed 23 women tourist agents in 8 ethnic communities in 4 western provinces in China and uses Grounded Theory to code the interview contents. As the result, we identify 34 factors in 6 categories that have contributed to these women's successes, arranging from the frequency from high to low as business capability, attitude and behavior, family relationships, personality characteristics, cultural bearings and relationship outside the family. Family relationships and the cultural bearings are special factors for women agents in ethnic communities. To further narrow the six categories into three groups result in the following groupings of personal factors, interpersonal factors and other factors. These findings on factors affecting women tourist agents can provide a perspective of the growth of women in communities and community development.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 101-108 [
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411
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109
Daughters Caring for Parents in the Countryside
GAO Xiu-juan
It is a new phenomenon for daughters to care for parents in the countryside, not only in the studies of elderly but also in gender studies. This paper examines the existing Chinese studies of the phenomenon, its causes and its future in order to suggest a direction in further development.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 109-112 [
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512
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113
Could Females Be Better Leaders? Retrospect and Prospect of Research on Gender Differences in Transformational Leadership
LI Lin , CHEN Wei-zheng
Research on gender differences in transformational leadership combines transformational leadership theory with gender analysis, and is an interdisciplinary study. This study has gone through the following stages, including informal stage, and development stage, from the existence of gender differences in transformational leadership to the discussion of female transformational leadership. The study has been improving, and the future focus should include organizational context, impact mechanism and the Chinese context.
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 113-117 [
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603
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118
The Congruence of Characteristics of Women's Roles and Those of Leadership Roles: A Review of Oversea Literature
YAN Shi-mei , WU Shan
There have been extensive discussions of the incongruences and their causes between the characteristics of women's roles and the leadership roles. Recently, researchers are becoming interested in the congruence of characteristics between women's roles and the leadership roles. However, the existing literature has so far not provided a systematic analysis on the congruence. This paper focuses on the congruence based on three aspects: the congruence of characteristics between women's roles and the emerging leadership styles, the congruence of characteristics between women's roles under certain circumstances and the leadership roles, and the fact that more and more women have broken the glass ceiling to raise higher in leadership roles
2014 Vol. 0 (5): 118-123 [
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2014 Vol. 0 (5): 124-128 [
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487
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1004
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