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	2013 Vol.0 Issue.1 Published 2013-02-20

Orginal Article

	5	Gender Differences in the Right of Labor Time
		GUO Hui-min, LI Xiang
		Rights are temporal and the right of labor time is a prerequisite to other labor rights. Compared with men, women encounter conflicts between working hours and family hours, working hours and time devoted to marriage and/or birth. Therefore, women's labor time is squeezed. Linear time consciousness that is adopted by modern laws as well as legal systems governing labor time appears to be tacitly discriminative to women. Based on the gender differences in distribution of labor time, citing the time theory, life cycle theory and life course theory, this article attempts to explore the reasons of and solutions to this issue of discrimination.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 5-9 [Abstract] ( 514 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 949KB] ( 888 )

	10	The Debates on Female "Provocative Clothing" and Sexual Harassment:Consequences of Gendered Public Space
	')" href="#">	WEI Wei
		In the summer of 2012, a message from the official twitter of Shanghai metro ignited a heated debate on female "provocative clothing" and sexual harassment. Based on this public event and its subsequent controversy, this paper employs a variety of theoretical perspectives to investigate female harassments in urban public spaces. The focus of this debate is on whether there is a causal relationship between the provocativeness of female clothing and strangers' harassment. From a sociological perspective, it is argued that both the "provocativeness" and harassments finding roots in the same social structure, which reflects the consequence of the gendered public space. Drawing upon findings from current empirical research, this paper will shed lights on the complexity of this relationship.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 10-17 [Abstract] ( 519 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 994KB] ( 1353 )

	18	Sex, Gender Awareness and Environmental Concerns: Survey among University Students
		LI Liang, SONG Lu
		Using the data from a survey on college students' environmental consciousness in 2010, this paper analyzes gender differences in students' environmental concerns and the impact of sex and gender awareness on environmental concerns, which are measured by the revised NEP scale (2000). The results show that women have higher environmental concerns than men. The multivariate linear regression analysis reveals that gender awareness has significant impact on environmental concerns, and women support gender equality more than men. However, sex has no significant direct impact on environmental concerns. The sex-specific analysis and the interaction between sex and gender attitudes reveal that, no matter for men or for women, gender awareness has significant impact on environmental concerns, irrespective of sex.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 18-24 [Abstract] ( 522 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 975KB] ( 1007 )

	25	An Empirical Research on Marital Satisfaction among Chinese Couples
		WANG Cun-tong, YU Jiao
		Using large-scale data from the CGSS 2006 (family volumes), this study aims to assess the level and determinants of marital satisfaction among Chinese married couples. The results show that the level of marital satisfaction of Chinese couples is generally high, and the result of ordered logit modeling employed in this study also indicates that marital satisfaction has been jointly influenced by individual's demographic factors, number of children, premarital cohabitation, interaction and desire of marital alternatives.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 25-32 [Abstract] ( 530 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1003KB] ( 1511 )

	33	Removing the Crime of Whoring With an Underage Girl: Analysis Based on the Principles of Protection of Children and Non-Discrimination
		ZHANG Rong-li
		This paper adopts the international convention on the protection of women and children and non-discrimination in an analysis of the Article 360 of the Criminal Law on the crime of whoring with underage girls. It argues against the naming of such a crime based on the problems it has given rise to since its inception and proposes to remove such a crime in the law. On the act of whoring of with girls under 14 age, no matter whether the act is agreed or not, no matter it is paid or not, the perpetrator should all be charged based on law against rape against young girls in order to protect children's rights without discrimination.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 33-39 [Abstract] ( 537 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1015KB] ( 932 )

	40	Prohibiting Sexual Exploitation of Children: A Comparative Study between International Law and Domestic Law
		ZHAO, He-jun
		Prohibition of child sexual exploitation, which is an important part of Convention on the Rights of the Child, is the core of Optional Protocol to the Convertion on the Rights of Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. In comparison with international law, legal recognition and prohibition of child sexual exploitation are very insufficient in China, crime of whoring with an underage girl is a good example. Complying with international covenant, it is necessary for us to make a legal reform in order to establish a legal systerm against child sexual exploitation and further protection of children’s sexual rights.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 40-46 [Abstract] ( 583 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 983KB] ( 1075 )

	47	Reform of Maternity Insurance System from a Gender Perspective——Speaking from The Draft of Maternity Insurance Measures
		JIANG Yong-ping
		The Maternity Insurance Measures is legislation that matches the Social Insurance Act and has important functions in carrying out the reform of maternity insurance system in China. It was built on the advancement of theoretical research on maternity protection and its application in China since the 1980s. This article, while it summarizes the basic ideas and the major recommendations of scholars and experts at the symposium organized by the All-China Women’s Federation, examines from a gender perspective the analysis and discussions of the reform of maternity insurance system among scholars since the issue of the Social Insurance Act in 2010. It will also propose fundamental elements needed in the reform of the maternity insurance so as to help build a “Xiao Kang” (well-off) society.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 47-53 [Abstract] ( 466 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 980KB] ( 1323 )

	53	The Logic Gradual Progress of Feminism Psychology and It’s Meaning to Psychotherapy
		SONG Jian-Li
		From feminism psychology which goal-oriented positivism to feminism psychology which goal-oriented phenomenology and feminism psychology which goal-oriented postmodernism, Contemporary feminism psychology strive to make women become the subject of psychological knowledge, pay close attention to pluralist differential identity within woman group and see woman’s mental development through the view of gender, They maintain that we should study woman’s psychology under the view of justice, Correspondingly, Feminism Clinical psychologists pay more attention to sociocultural situations and the difference of situations such as social class, race, gender and nationality so on which will cause the change of women’s psychogenic behavior and mental health.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 53-58 [Abstract] ( 453 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 968KB] ( 714 )

	59	On the Conflict between Morality and Law Governing Women's Remarriage in Tang Dynasty
		CHAI Song-xia
		：Tang Dynasty is known for its prosperity and open and liberal social conduct.Divorce by agreement appeared in Law, but women's divorce and remarriage were still restrained by morality and chastity.On the one hand, it was legal for women in Tang dynasty to divorce and remarry because of changes in views of chastity.On the other hand, it still met resistance when Confucianism remained dominant.What's more, it was different in practice between the upper class and underclass with regards to women's remarriage in the Tang Empire.For example, the princesses remarried relatively easily and the lower women tended to remain as a widow, reflecting conflicts between morality and law governing Tang women's remarriage.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 59-66 [Abstract] ( 546 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1036KB] ( 1054 )

	67	"Every Individual Has a Share of Responsibility for the Fate of the Country" - A View of Tang Qunying's Thoughts on Women’s Liberation
	')" href="#">	LI Xiao-zhe
		Tang Qunying was an outstanding leader of the Feminist Movement in the 1911 Revolution. She made a great contribution to Chinese women’s emancipation. Her thought "every individual had a share of responsibility for the fate of the country", reflects the wakening of female subjects' awareness and the appeal of pursuing equality. Tang Qunying kept the faith all her life.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 67-71 [Abstract] ( 520 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1048KB] ( 1085 )

	72	Visual Representation and Reverse Representation: Illustrated by Media Reports of Feminists During the Early Era of the Republic of China
		WAN Qiong-hua
		：Quite aware of the two principles of women's social obligation and their rights, feminists committed themselves to demanding their right to participate in government affairs during the early era of ROC. As the main form of mass media, the press media, including Shen News, Dagong News, Minli News etc, was used by newspaper editors to make certain affairs the concerns of the society and convey their thoughts to the public. The movement of women's participation in politics captured the attention of the well-known newspapers and became a hot topic of the public focus. Men dominated the press without an exception and were the principal writers, presenting feminist behavior from men's perspective by either portraying feminists as irrational mob, or exaggerating women's emotion, all judged by their own moral standards. Women became the objects gazed at by men. In response, feminists refused to be silent and struggled. They also used press media to debate with their opponents through their own newspapers. All these measures reduced the negative effects on women and made it possible for women to change from "the gazed objects" to "the subject with voice".
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 72-78 [Abstract] ( 455 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 991KB] ( 1031 )

	79	Between New Knowledge and Conventional Ethics：Women's Political Participation Discussed by the Women's Times in the Early Years of the Republic of China
		ZHANG Peng
		As a women's journal that was born around 1911 Revolution and had the longest history, Women's Times should have academic attention in the research area of female history and the history of newspapers. Given the interactive relationships between newspapers and society, the discussions of Women's Times on women's participation in political affairs in the early years of the Republic of China aimed to demonstrate the following two issues. How could a businesslike journal present such a political movement as feminism? How would the Women's Times evaluation of feminism between knowledge and ethics form a framework to shape the discussion of women's political participation by other women's journals since 1913. Thus, this practice of shaping women's movement based on public opinions had showed that Women's movement for political participation failed not only because of the intervention of powerful political few, but also because of its own deep social roots.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 79-85 [Abstract] ( 500 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1018KB] ( 1051 )

	85	Gender Analysis of the Nordic Countries' Transformations of Childcare Leave Policies
		ZHOU Pei-qin
		Government can construct the concept of gender through providing different kinds of childcare leave schemes to parents, and the five Nordic states have taken many measures that have influence in the world. This essay focuses on the transformations of childcare leave policies, include maternity leave, paternity leave, parental leave and parental leave quota, designed and implemented by the Nordic countries during the past fifty to sixty years. The essay also summarizes and analyzes the on-going changes in gender ideology behind the reforms of these policies. The last section of the essay examines a few controversial issues relating to childcare leave policies which have been debated in the Nordic countries: equality versus equity, individual freedom versus state intervention, and sameness versus difference.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 85-91 [Abstract] ( 538 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 996KB] ( 1437 )

	92	Breaking away from the Predicament of the Double Marginalization: A Preliminary Analysis of Contemporary Scottish Women's Campaign for Equal Representation
		WANG Lei
		From 1980s, feminists have taken an active part in the constitutional reform movement in order to break away from the predicament of the double marginalization of women in scotland. This paper focuses on the campaign for scottish women's equal representation, and reviews the course of struggle of scottish feminists for the adoption of equal representation. The paper summarizes some achievement of the campaign and suggests what lessons be learned from the campaign for scottish women's equal representation by the women's movement in China and the world in the end.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 92-99 [Abstract] ( 501 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1025KB] ( 886 )

	100	Gender-based Wage Differences and Sectoral Segregation for University Graduates
		CHAI Guo-jun, DENG Guo-ying
		Based on the national survey data of university graduates in 2008, the paper examines the existence of gender-based wage differences and industrial segregation among university graduates. It firstly employs multinomial logit model and ordered probit model to estimate the distributions of the two sexes in different sectors, then runs regressions by both gender and industries, and finally conducts whole-factor Brown decomposition on gender-based wage differences. The results show that sectoral segregation between the two sexes is not so apparent. Although intra-sectoral differences still constitute the most important reason for gender-based wage differences among university graduates, inter-sectoral differences can be explained mostly by differences in gender stereotypes. Gender-based discrimination is as high as 93.16%-94.50%, and this gives strong supportive evidence to the existence of discrimination in the current labor markets.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 100-109 [Abstract] ( 482 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1115KB] ( 998 )

	110	The Return of Migrant Husbands in Chinese Rural Families Where Wives Left-behind
		HUANG Ying
		This paper highlights the significance of husbands, who are migrant workers, returning seasonally for wives left-behind in home villages. The ceremony of homecoming of husbands actually works as a process of husbands' compensating for their important family roles. The consequences of this ceremony have really positive impacts on both couples' relationship inside the family and on continuation of family functions viewed from outside the family.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 110-115 [Abstract] ( 433 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 986KB] ( 725 )

	115	Chinese Studies of Women's Entrepreneurship in the Past 10 Years
		DENG Zi-juan
		With the economic and social development, Chinese women get more chances to establish enterprises more than ever before. There are a few studies of women's entrepreneurship based on different perspectives. This article reviews studies on female entrepreneurial model, influencing factors and favorable policy environment, and then looks into the future of women's entrepreneurship.
		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 115-121 [Abstract] ( 477 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 991KB] ( 888 )

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		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 122-124 [Abstract] ( 407 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 897KB] ( 729 )

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		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 124-125 [Abstract] ( 586 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 933KB] ( 743 )

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		2013 Vol. 0 (1): 126-128 [Abstract] ( 465 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 925KB] ( 828 )

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