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2015 Vol.0 Issue.6
Published 2015-11-20
5
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 5-12 [
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2015 Vol. 0 (6): 8-9 [
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2015 Vol. 0 (6): 10-11 [
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2015 Vol. 0 (6): 12-14 [
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2015 Vol. 0 (6): 15-16 [
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Relative Resources Theory, Class Stratification and Power Relationships between Husband and Wife: Based on the 3
rd
National Survey on the Status of Chinese Women
LI Jian-xin, GUO Mu-qi
Using the data of the 3
rd
national survey on the status of Chinese women through multinomial logit regression, we have applied the relative resources theory to analyze the power relationships between husband and wife in families of different professional and class standing. Some significant results have shown that there are strong influence of differences in income, levels of education, and occupation on the power relationships between husband and wife. These power relationships appear to be related to the different class and professional standings of families. Peasant class families prefer financial resources brought by his wife. Lower middle class families pay attention to comparing economic resources held by husband and wife. The middle class families pay attention to economic and cultural resources. The general staff families tend to focus on integration of wives' resources. Theory of relative resources has less to say about higher class families, which tend to pursue equality between husband and wife.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 17-23 [
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Gender Differences in Study Time: China 1990-2010
YANG Ju-hua, ZHANG Jiao-jiao, WU Min
Using data from the three National Surveys on the Status of Chinese Women in 1990, 2000 and 2010, this paper has found that time spent on study has overall reduced over the past 20 years among both male and female Chinese individuals. Each survey has shown that female's study time was much shorter than that of male's although such gap has been narrowed greatly over time. The gender gap in study time is a result of several objective factors(e.g., marital status and total labor time) and subjective factors(such as gender norms). Marriage reduces learning time, and married women have the shortest study time. Similarly, the longer the total labor time(including housework) is, the shorter the learning time will be. However, both marital status and total working hours have a larger effect on female than on male. Also, respondents with more equitable gender outlook tend to study more, though males still have slight more time for study than females. Findings also illustrate that objective factors are more important with regard to study time than gender norms. Hence, it is necessary to reduce female's double-burden of work and family in order for them to have more time to study, improving their capabilities and social participation and life-long self development.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 24-32 [
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Maternity Protection of Women Workers in the Republic of China from a Gender Perspective
LIU Xiu-hong
Along with the wave of Chinese industrial development, a great number of female workers came to work in factories, participating in production similarly as the male workers and breaking away from the conventional gender roles. The special physiological needs of female workers in relation to pregnancy, childbirth, and breath-feeding had a negative impact on women workers and affect their physical and mental health. Then the issue of maternity protection arose. After the May 4th Movement, maternity protection of female workers attracted the attention of scholars and then became a goal of struggles of labor groups and women's groups. The formation of public issue made the problem of maternity protection from private sphere to public sphere. In response to pressures from communities, the government adopted the law to require factories to take responsibility for maternity protection of their female workers. This law was not implemented because of various reasons, but the concept of maternity protection was accepted by people, and provided foundation for the future government to pay attention to maternity protection legislation.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 33-41 [
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Reforming the Maternity Insurance in a New Political Terrain
ZHANG Yong-ying, LI Xian-ling
The establishment and improvement of the maternity insurance suggests not only government's recognition of the social value of women's fertility but also systemic protection of balancing employers' responsibility for maternity, preventing gender based discrimination in employment, and promoting fair employment opportunities. New economic conditions, the newly improved family planning policy and government's political will for achieving gender equality have opened up both opportunities and challenges to the maternity insurance system. This system faces with the following issues in implementation: limited coverage, large gaps existing in maternity benefits among provinces, single source of maternity insurance fund and lack of reflection of men's responsibility and rights. This paper recommends that the government be the guarantor of the maternity insurance fund so as to increase the level of its social pooling and its coverage, while making it an independent insurance and defining its basic benefits.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 41-46 [
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Legal Protection of Women's Rights in China Since the 4
th
World Conference on Women in 1995
XUE Ning-lan
Women's human rights are the rights they have as human beings and should have enjoyed. Law is an important tool to ensure the enjoyment and exercise of human rights. Once a person's natural right to be confirmed by national law, it has become more specific and standardized "legal rights". China has formulated a series of laws, regulations and policies for protecting women's human rights since the 1995 4
th
World Conference on Women in Beijing. After two decades, the state's legal system has been much improved, the legal protection of women's human rights are more comprehensive. The status of women's human rights involving political participation, employment and social security, protection of personal rights has also been improved. In future, the development of Chinese women's human rights and law should be synchronized with the Chinese development, in order to create a friendly social and cultural environment for gender equality and women's development. The adoption of new laws and the reform of existing laws should particularly pay attention to the existing gender gaps and women's specific needs.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 47-56 [
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Chinese Policy on Girls since the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995
YANG Jing
This paper analyzes Chinese policies on girls that had been implemented since the fourth world conference on women held in 1995, and points out that those policies had promoted the girls' development, although a large gap still exists in relation to the actual needs. In the future, a gender perspective should be incorporated into the development of policy on child, girls' perspectives should be incorporated into the development of policy on women, a comprehensive policy system on girls should be established aiming at changing gender discriminative culture, refining the gender statistical system, examining all kinds of problems about girls and setting up accountability system for promoting equal development of girls and boys.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 57-65 [
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Restriction and Protection: Special Judicial Responses to Female Plaintiff and Defendant in Qing Dynasty
LI Xiang-sen
In the court of law in Qing Dynasty, there were many especial judicial responses to women. Firstly, the judges usually were cautious about the petitions which were related to women. Secondly, the cases were usually settled without an open trial to avoid the appearance of women in the court. Thirdly, during the trial, female were not put in detention or tortured arbitrarily by judges. Fourthly, the judges were serious and solemn when they interrogated women. Lastly, penalties applied to women were different from men. The main reason was to protect women. But, limiting the entry of women into litigation in the name of protecting them was a product of restrictive protection practice in a patriarchal society. Essentially, the self-restraint treatment of women in judicature was meant to meet and maintain the social codes of ethics formed around women.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 66-74 [
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Moving Forward in Practice and Reflections: Chinese Women's Literature in the Past 20 Years
QIAO Yi-gang
Progress has been made in Chinese women's literature in the past 20 year on the basis of what it was in the 1980s. Relevant traditional material that has been uncovered and sorted provides a basis for a gender perspective of history of Chinese literature and cultural tradition. Progress also has been made on the study of contemporary and modern women's writing and a gender perspective of literature and cultural phenomenon has taken shape. In this process, researchers have made efforts to promote gender equality culture while establishing modern literature as a special academic disciplinary stream, based on Chinese conditions and multifaceted feminist approaches. Researchers continue reflecting on and pursuing ways to face challenges from both enriching theory and practice.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 75-82 [
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Re-writing Female Existence: A Study of How the Department Store Re-forged Female Identity in Zola's Work
DU Li-li
The Ladies' Paradise
by Zola is a poem of modern life by depicting what a poor provincial girl named Denise experienced in a Paris department store. The new era calls for women's participation and action. This paper studies how commercialization led by department stores in the nineteenth century broke the boundaries of the tradition and re-forged the identity of the female group by the appearance of consumerism.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 83-89 [
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2015 Vol. 0 (6): 90-98 [
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A Review of Research Abroad on Factors Influencing the Participation of Women Board Members in Corporate Governance
LüYing, WANG Zheng-bin
Despite the recognition of importance of women's participation in corporate governance,the low representation of women on corporate boards (WOCB) remains a worldwide issue. With the increasing influence of women in the world, the urgency and importance of board gender diversification (BGD) has received more and more attention. This paper reviews the recent foreign research on the factors that prevent the increase of WOCB at the national,industrial,corporate,board and individual levels,and discusses the prospects of future research.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 99-109 [
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A Review of Literature on Gender Differences in Overseas Entrepreneurship in the Past 20 Years
XU Yan-li, GUO Da
This paper reviews research results on gender differences in entrepreneurship overseas in the past 20 years. From a gender perspective, this paper reviews the literatures on the issue of gender differences in entrepreneurship aboard created within different disciplines including psychology, management, economics and sociology, especially focusing on the characteristics of women entrepreneurs. Finally, not the paper points out improvements and deficiencies existing in the above research in the past 20 years, and proposes directions for future development of entrepreneurship research.
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 110-118 [
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Gender, Maturity and Race: How did the USA Turned Japan from a Foe to an Ally? Book Review of
America's Geisha Ally: Reimagining the Japanese Enemy
JIN Yi-hong
Soon after the Second World War the United States of America turned Japan, an enemy in the war, into an ally. This move was not difficult to explain in the contexts of Cold War, geo-politics, and the "America's interest" in becoming the super power in the world. However, for this move that reversed the conception of Japan from a foe to a friend to be accepted by American people is a puzzle not widely known. The book,
America's Geisha Ally: Reimagining the Japanese Enemy
, tries to recover this puzzle from political, cultural and psychological perspectives. This paper takes gender and the intersection between gender and race as points of entry to reveal how the author of the book discussed that the American mainstream media utilized gender, maturity and race as discourses to manipulate public opinion and explain the meaning of "turning a foe to an ally."
2015 Vol. 0 (6): 118-125 [
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