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2011 Vol.0 Issue.4
Published 2011-07-15
妇女/性别文化研究
理论探索与争鸣
5
Retreating back Home Willingly or Being Unwillingly Sent Home? ——Debates on "Women-going-home" and the Ideological Transformation in the Course of Marketization in China
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SONG Shao-peng
This paper argues that key reasons for "women-going-home" reside in the gradual separation of public and private spheres in the course of marketization of the Chinese economy, in which activities related to 'reproduction' have been pushed back to family, resulting in women becoming 'less valued' labour in the market. To explain this trend, it is therefore important to examine institutional constraints in addition to the question of whether or not women are willing to go home. Recognizing that separation of public and private spheres forms a core concept in political liberalist ideology, the paper examines the four major periods in which debates on "women-going-home" since the 1980s and asserts that the mainstream ideology in China has shifted from an emphasis on Marxist theory of women's liberation to that of liberalism. Feminists need to respond to probable structural/institutional oppression of women arising from such a shift.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 5-12 [
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Intergenerational Reciprocal Care or Welfare Default?——Gender and Intergenerational Exchange of Care in Domestic Labor in Dual-earner Families
TAO Yan-lan
This paper asserts that elderly women helping their sons and daughters-in-law with domestic labor cannot be simply viewed as a kind of intergenerational reciprocal care. Firstly, in the interplay of changes in intergenerational and gender relationships as well as in society, the traditional model of intergenerational reciprocal care also changes in varying degrees. Secondly, the paper identifies an implicit assumption underlining the view of intergenerational reciprocal care with respect to housework, which contradicts the outward extension of family functions in industrialization. This paper adopts a perspective of intergenerational and gender power relationships to examine the phenomenon of elderlies assisting their sons and daughters-in-laws, who are both engaged in gainful employment, with the rearing of the first child from birth to going into schooling. From a perspective of patrilineal families in the transformation of industrial society, this paper discusses how economic forces change gender and patriarchal family relationships and how elderly women's welfare is shortchanged therein. This discussion shall point out that social policy is expected to adjust to the needs of family and working women in order to improve the welfare of elderly women.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 13-19 [
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观察与调查
20
Gender Gaps and Authority in China's Urban Workplaces
TANG You-cai
Existing research on Chinese women's authority in the workplace has usually adopted either a broader or a narrower approach on the concept of authority. Upon critically assessing these two approaches, the article provides a clearer definition on authority. Based on urban sample of CGSS2006, this study recognizes unequal distribution of authority between women and men in the workplace. It argues that there is a significant gender gap in authority, especially in some key management positions. Further empirical research has found even after controlling the variables of personal and organizational characteristics, women's access to authority is still significantly lower than that of man; this implies that there is clearly gender-based discrimination in access to authority in the workplace.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 20-26 [
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Decision-making on Family Purchases in a Transitional Rural Chinese Society: A Perspective based on"Cultural Norms Theory"
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YANG Xue-yan, LU Xiao-qian ,LI Shu-zhuo
This study examines the impacts of changes in resources and awareness of gender equality held by spouses on the decision-making of family purchases in a transitional rural Chinese society, which is in "a modified patriarchy" stage. Using the logistic regression method with multi factors and steps to analyze the data of survey conducted in JC district, Anhui in 2005, the study reveals that the higher the wives' education is, the more likely they are making decisions alone or jointly with their husbands on daily consumption and purchases of durable goods; the more equitable the spouses view their relationships, the more likely the wives are making decisions alone or jointly with their husbands on daily consumption and purchases of durable goods.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 27-36 [
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Sense of Gender Equality in Rural-to-urban Migrant Households: Based on a Study of Migrant Households in Beijing
ZHANG Chuan-hong, LI Xiao-yun
The rural-to-urban migration of the entire family has become a major trend and an important characteristic of migration in urbanization in present China. This trend has been an influence on both the receiving and the sending regions. What is the impact of migration on these migrant families? Based on an empirical study of 89 rural-to-urban migrant households in Haidian District, Beijing, the authors of this article examine the impact of rural-to-urban migration on the changing perceptions of fairness and satisfaction with gender relationships inside these migrant households by observing the differences of individuals' family status and marital relationships before and after migration.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 37-43 [
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Gender Differences in Self-disposal Time in China's Urban and Rural Areas
YANG Hui
This paper examines gender differences in self-disposal time in both urban and rural areas by using official empirical data from the 2000 National Survey on the Status of Women and the 2008 Time Use Survey by the National Bureau of Statistics. Key findings include that while women's self-disposal time has increased, gender differences in self-disposal time have expanded. The paper provides suggestions for improving women's self-disposal time, for example, for enhancing women's education and income generation, through increasing family services and kindergarten services in society.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 44-58 [
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史学研究与反思
59
View the Increase of the Husband's Power after the Warring States Period from the Book of Rites
JIAO Jie, GENG Guan-jing
The Book of Rites was written between the Warring States Period and the Qin and the Han Dynasty. Although it was meant to explain ancient etiquette in the pre-Qin era, its views of women were very different from those expressed through rituals in the pre-Qin era partly due to changes in social structure and ideas. Such differences occurred, especially in the interpretation of the significance of weddings, and the interpretation of the "Three Subordinations". In the case of the former, the following expressions were suggested as leading wedding themes: "the Yin echoes while the Yang sings"; "the male leads while the female follows"; "the wife preserves chastity even after her husband passes away", and "the wife maintains her devotion to her husband till she dies". In the case of the latter, the "Three Subordinations", which emphasized women's subordination to her husband's rule and were embraced by Confucius followers who gained dominating influence in the Han Dynasty, were seen as the guiding principles of the design of costumes for women to wear in mourning rituals. These differences of interpretation reflected the increase of husband's power from the Warring States Period to the Qin and the Han Dynasty.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 59-64 [
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Disintegration and Reconstruction of the Role of Modern Chinese Women: Records from the Bei Yang Pictorials of China
HAN Hong-xing
With the influence of western learning, advanced ideas and new trends widely spread in modern China. Chinese women began to break the Confucius' shackles of "the three obedience and four virtues," struggling to find themselves a new role in the modern society. Eventually, they successfully transformed the traditional image into a modern one. Pictorials are important literatures for researching on modern Chinese history. With the aid of the pictorials, this paper discusses the process and the features of disintegration and reconstruction of women's physical and social roles as well as their value judgment in modern China.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 65-70 [
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妇女/性别文化研究
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Modern Implications of the Female Body Portrayed by the Publications during the Nationalist Period
BAI Wei
The female body portrayed by the publications of the Republic of Nationalist China embodied the influence of modernity. This paper suggests that this portrayed body presented the following implications. Firstly, it, as the living embodiment of the prevalent urban culture in a subtlest form, symbolized the fervent pursuit of modernity by Chinese people who were influenced by the drive of modernization in the world. Secondly, it, as a symbol of modernizing women stepping from the confines of the penthouse into the public domain, signified women's liberation and the liberation of the body in its extreme form. Thirdly, it, as an objectified entity, however, may mean that women became the objects of consumption in a male-dominated and commercialized society once they broke free from feudal and patriarchal families.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 71-77 [
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国外妇女/性别研究
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Constructing a Woman-Centered Discourse of Literary Criticism: A Study of Elaine Showalter's Gynocritics
ZHAN Jun-feng
Gynocritics, which was proposed by Elaine Showalter in the 1970s, is a key concept in Anglo-American feminist literary criticism, exerting important influence on the establishment of a woman-centered discourse of literary criticism. This concept has helped cultivate female subjectivity and initiate the start of Anglo-American female literary history. This paper mainly studies the theoretical connotations of Gynocritics and reviews critical research on Gynocritics from scholars at home and abroad, in an attempt to offer a relatively comprehensive and objective evaluation of Gynocritics in contemporary contexts.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 78-83 [
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Advancement or Compromise: Gender Structures in the Professionalization of Nursing in the West
MA Dong-ling
Feminization of nursing profession is more than a reflection of women's natural instinct as it is actually a consequence of negotiation between nursing pioneers and society and doctors about womanhood and on the professional characteristics and the position of nursing profession. Therefore, it's a result of social construction, a process that has two sides: progress in women's advancement, on one side, and on the other, compromise in gender norms.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 84-91 [
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研究动态与信息
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Review of Chinese Scholars' Research on History of Female Body in Song Dynasty
LU Xi
Research on the history of female body in Song dynasty is important for both enhancing studies of the Chinese Ancient History and of "body". Since the 1980s, Chinese scholars have discovered that Chinese made remarkable progresses in research on the history of female body in Song dynasty, in terms of conceptualization of feelings, special functions and experiences, and the area of comprehensive studies. There were still areas of research that required further development in Song dynasty, such as theoretical approaches and content analysis of the female body.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 92-97 [
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Analysis of Authors Contributing to the Collection of Women's Studies in the Recent 10 Years: Based on a Biblio-metrics Analysis
ZHAO Ye-zhu, CHENG Hai-xia
Using the biblio-metrics method, this paper analyzes the authors who contributed to the issues of the Collection of Women's Studies from 2001 to 2010. Findings show that the authors of the Collection, mainly women and born in the 1960s and the 1970s, come from varying institutions and largely hold from high to middle level academic positions with a doctoral and/or a post-doctoral degree, and that their research areas mainly cover humanities and social sciences. A large number of universities across the country forms a main research force in women's/gender studies. The Women's Research Institute under the All China Women's Federation provides an important base for such research. Women's study activity is still dominated by solitary research; a little results from collaboration.
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 98-102 [
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2011 Vol. 0 (4): 103-106 [
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2011 Vol. 0 (4): 107-108 [
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读书与思考
109
2011 Vol. 0 (4): 109-111 [
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