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	2012 Vol.0 Issue.2 Published 2012-04-10

CONTENTS

	5	On the Progress of Women/Gender Studies in China from the Collection of Women's Studies——Analysis of the Changes in the Columns, Themes and Contents in the Past 20 Years
		JIANG Xiu-hua
		This paper examines changes in the Changes and in the contents and themes of the published articles in varying sections of the Collection of Women's Studies in the last two decades to identify the progress of women's/gender studies in China. This examination will show that women's studies in China have gone from shallower to more in-depth and mature in academic rigor and practical value. There is, however, need for furthering theoretical breakthroughs, enhancing research on major issues facing women's development, which would lead to increased legislative and policy analysis in support of gender equality and the promotion of disciplinary development of women's/gender studies in China.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 5-16 [Abstract] ( 521 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 922KB] ( 890 )

	17	Recording History, Exchanging Information and Spreading Ideas: Comments on the Summary of the Symposium on the Collection of Women's Studies
		CHANG Yin-ting,YANG Xia
		On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Collection of Women's Studies, an examination and review of the various "summaries of symposiums" over the years is necessary for understanding not only about the process of development of the journal but also the development of women's studies and advancement. Close to a hundred of pieces of summaries have recorded not only the history of women's studies but also the history of development of the Chinese society. In addition, as a special section of the official journal of the Chinese Women's Research Society, summaries of symposiums have played an active role in exchanging information on women's studies and spreading ideas about gender equality.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 17-22 [Abstract] ( 414 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 861KB] ( 760 )

	23	Son Preference and Imbalanced Sex Ratio at Birth: Cultural Foundations of Demand
		YANG Ju-hua
		A skewed sex ratio at birth is a common phenomenon among countries with son preference in the process of fertility transition. It reflects that, in certain cultural contexts, women's interests may conflict with household and group interests. Drawing on recognition of demand, this paper elaborates the foundations of a preference for sons and proposes suggestions to alleviate such a demand and reduce the imbalance of sex ratio at birth by recognizing that gender inequality at the group level may provide individuals and households with better survival opportunities, securities, social status and esteem, and the realization of individual life goals. Hence, to reduce the imbalance of sex ratio at birth, it is necessary to alleviate the demand for sons. Specifically, weak links should be first identified and replaced by new supplying methods that highlight gender equality; then, various forces should be joined together in order to shake the basis of son preference, and finally to reach the goal to bring the abnormal sex ratio at birth back to normal.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 23-35 [Abstract] ( 451 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1028KB] ( 1163 )

	36	Production and Reproduction of Son Preference as A Reproductive Culture
		LI Wei-dong,SHANG Zi-juan
		Guided by Giddens' theory of structuration, this study adopts a practical sociology perspective to analyze the production and reproduction of the culture of preference of sons, using time and space as two perimeters in the observation of and interviews with a family group, so as to identify the effects of fertility policy on the mechanisms of reproducing son preference culture. The study has found that under the rein of fertility policy, some peasants run into "fertility predicament" because of a departure from the traditional pattern of fertility. Such "predicament" would give rise to the production and reproduction of son preference culture in two ways: on the one hand, under the stress of fertility predicament, those who encounter fertility predicament would feel the social pressure of having a boy, just when cultural elements unceasingly become entangled with fertility practice through daily living affairs, and on the other hand, relational networks would involve all the kinfolks in the unfolding of fertility predicament, inciting the networks to reflect on current fertility practice. Based on these two ways, the son preference culture stretches in both time and space.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 36-43 [Abstract] ( 419 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 842KB] ( 1108 )

	44	Farmers' Organizations from a Gender Perspective: Based on Research in Xinzhou District, Wuhan
		ZHANG Cui-e YANG Xia-ling
		This study discusses farmers' organizations from a gender perspective based on an empirical investigation in the Xinzhou District. It suggests that farmers' organization remains no long at a low level but also with significant gender differences. The gender differences are resulted of the combination of three factors, which are：the overlay of family-based traditional social organization and the patriarchal system, women's lack of organizational capacity caused by gender-based socialization and the patriarchal repression of women. Only when the gender differences have been addressed, the process of farmers' organizations can be advanced.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 44-51 [Abstract] ( 478 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 856KB] ( 772 )

	52	Analysis of Factors Affecting Female College Graduates' Job Satisfaction
		ZHANG Zai-sheng DONG Lin-qian.
		In light of existing literature, this article divides newly recruited college graduates' job satisfaction scale into five factors (work rewards, self-development, work itself, leadership behavior, group cooperation). We find that there is no significant difference between male college graduates and female college graduates in overall job satisfaction, in terms of satisfaction with work rewards, self-development, and work itself. However, there is significant difference in areas of leadership behavior and group cooperation, over which women expressed a higher level of satisfaction than men. Factors that affect female college graduates' job satisfaction mainly involve work rewards, self-development, group cooperation and the type of universities where they have graduated. These four factors produce different characteristics in demographic variables such as profession and types of schools.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 52-58 [Abstract] ( 411 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 847KB] ( 827 )

	59	Son Preference and Patriarchal Systems: Empirical and Gender Analysis of the Imbalance in Sex Ratio at Birth in China
		LI Hui-ying
		The imbalance in sex ratio at birth is an outstanding social issue in China, whose connection the practice of son preference is intrinsic. This paper utilizes empirical research in six provinces to identify the three elements of patriarchal system as the root causes of the imbalance in sex ratio at birth. These are the patrilocal practice, the father-to-son property inheritance practice, and the father-to-son family name inheritance practice. These three customs not only come from history but also are omnipresent today. They exist as values that have been enforced through the systems of distribution of resources. Such enforcement takes place not only through family and village rules and regulations but also by way of government's acquiescence and inaction. Such is the structure of gender systems in China.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 59-66 [Abstract] ( 551 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 865KB] ( 1536 )

	67	The Cause and Regulation of Women's Remarriage in Ming and Qing Dynasties
		REN Xiao-lan
		Though the governments of Ming and Qing Dynasties held that women should conserve chastity after the death of their husbands, women's remarriage was not rare. Sometimes, women remarried due to poverty, or they remarried under the duress of husband's family or their maternal families, who desired to obtain gifts and wealth. Traditional culture dictated that women should keep their chastity, but many local Administrators allowed remarriage in cases where it was deemed unruly factors harmful to morals. Case laws on women's remarriage in Ming and Qing Dynasties appeared to be stricter on punishing relatives who compelled women remarry and looser on men who forced women to marry them. Under the patriarchal rule, whether women wanted to keep chastity or longed for remarriage, they had little ability to decide on their own.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 67-71 [Abstract] ( 429 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 856KB] ( 1089 )

	72	Novels at the End of Qing and Images of Modern Women
		ZHOU Le-Shi
		End of Qing is an important period in which traditional style of Chinese literature was being replaced by modern literature as new novels and new images of women become primary pursuit and a crucial period in which images of modern women began to emerge. Construction of images of women became meaningful not only at the level of sex revolution but also for individual as well as national liberations. Women's issues of the 20th Century were actually raised at the end of Qing. However, due to imbalanced literary discourse, a distance existed between women in actuality and women as imaged, leaving room for expansion in novels of the Late Qing.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 72-78 [Abstract] ( 556 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 838KB] ( 944 )

	79	Whose Environment? Whose Development? Eco-feminist Concerns and Challenges
		DAI Xue-hong
		Ecological crisis, feminization of poverty and ethnic suppression climaxing in the late 20th century were results of industrial capitalism dominated by patriarchal systems. The rise of environmentalism from an abstract and general concern to that of "sustainable development" has failed to recognize the diversity of the forces involved in environmental movements, the differences among interest groups in actuality and women as a vulnerable group and their important contributions to upholding environmental justice and sustainable development. In the 21st century, the integral relationship of gender equality, environmental justice and sustainable development is eco-feminists' priority concern as well as their new challenge.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 79-86 [Abstract] ( 470 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 851KB] ( 1027 )

	87	Women, Environment and Development: Vandana Shiva's Eco-Feminism and Its Critique
		ZHANG Shu-lan
		There are three aspects in the relationships of women, the environment and development: the relation between women and the environment; the impacts of development on women and environment; and the path to achieve together women's liberation, environmental protection and sustainable development. Vandana Shiva's discussion of these relationships has become the earliest foundation of eco-feminism. Since, India scholars inside and outside of India have extended further discussion and established a unique school of feminist environmentalism. Either feminism or environmentalism is not a mainstream ideology in contemporary social development. To promote advancement jointly of women, environment and development, systemic cooperation is rudimentary and critiquing is secondary.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 87-95 [Abstract] ( 578 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 884KB] ( 1168 )

	96	Realizing Work-Life Balance for Career Women from the Perspective of Leadership Development
		JIANG Lai
		At the beginning of career women's appearance, they had to face the conflicts of their family roles and social roles. In the age of knowledge economy, gender difference in physical strength has less and less impact on vocational choice and development. Career women's community and influence are in constant rise as well. However, difficulties in work-life balance, which are caused by the female dual role conflicts, have not been weakened. This, obviously, has not only hindered career women from reaching a high-level development path but also fettered young women's vocational choices. This paper proposes strategy to improve work-life balance for career women from the perspective of leadership development. It encourages the efficacy of leadership at both personal and team levels to institute mechanisms to balance work-and-life to help career women step out of conflicts and enjoy family happiness and work at the same time.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 96-102 [Abstract] ( 685 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 863KB] ( 1700 )

	103	A Review of Chinese Studies on Female Employees' Work-Family Conflict
		DENG Zi-juan LIN Zhong-hua
		The studies of work-family conflict are popular in the field of human resource management, which include both research on interference of work in family relations and interference of family in work situations. This article introduces research on the antecedents and the outcomes of female employees' work-family conflict and then discusses intervention strategies. In the end, it also reviews related materials and suggests ideas for future research.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 103-108 [Abstract] ( 467 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 864KB] ( 1264 )

	109	Review and Reflections of the Past Ten Years of Studies of Women's History in Tang and Song Dynasties
		WANG Shen
		In the past ten years, the studies of women's history in Tang and Song Dynasties have achieved fruitful results. Up to one hundred articles were published, concerning many issues; chief ones include women's status, women's lives, special women's groups and so on. There are still weaknesses that need to be overcome based on further research.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 109-115 [Abstract] ( 562 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 877KB] ( 1902 )

	116	Another Perspective on Women's Oppression: Reflections on Feminist Politics and Human Nature
		YU Hui
		Alison Jaggar in her masterpiece, Feminist Politics and Human Nature, advances a concept of "alienation," as opposed to the concept of "class," as one that would provide a theoretical framework to analyze the oppression of the contemporary women. In Jaggar's eyes, alienation has been a woman's main and general experience in capitalist society. The alienation of women, as a common state of existence in capitalist society, is the result of capitalism and patriarchy unifying and reinforcing each other. However, eliminating class and gender discrepancies are both required in women's liberation.
		2012 Vol. 0 (2): 116-118 [Abstract] ( 600 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 838KB] ( 1156 )

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