|
|
|
| Gendered Gaze: Feminist Film Criticism and Female Spectatorship |
| FENG Peng-peng |
| Center for Foreign Language Education at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract ：Gaze has become a key word of film studies since 1970s when cinematic apparatus theory developed. This paper starts with Laura Mulvey's argument of "male gaze" proposed in her groundbreaking research based on her psychoanalytical study of classical Hollywood cinema. Mulvey's ignorance of female pleasure and female spectatorship has been recognized in feminist responses. Recent feminist research has taken into consideration women's cinema, female characters, genre films of male as sexual objects, and racial differences to discuss the multiple ways in which women see films. This research has become a window for self-reflection and complexity of feminist scholarship.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Fuery, Patrick. New Developments in Film Theory[M]. Hampshire and London: Macmillan Press Ltd. 2000.
[2] Lacan, Jacque. Ecrits: A Selection[M]. (ed. Alan Sheridan). New York: Norton. 1977.
[3] Hayword, Susan. Key Concepts[M]. Second Edition. London and New York: Routledge. 2003.
[4] Kuhn, Annette. Women’s Pictures: Feminism and Cinema[M]. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982.
[5] Penley, Constance. Feminism, Film Theory, and the Bachelor Machine[A]. in Stam, Robert & Toby Miller (ed). Film and Theory: An Anthology[C]. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2000.
[6] Mulvey, Laura. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema[A]. in Mulvey L.. Visual and Other Pleasures[C]. London: Macmillan, 1989.
[7] 穆尔维.视觉快感与叙事电影[A].吴琼主编.凝视的快感[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[8] Mulvey, Laura. Afterthoughts on "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema", inspired by King Vidor's Duel in the Sun'[A]. in Visual And Other Pleasures[C]. London: Macmillan, 1989.
[9] Doane, Mary Ann. Film and the Masquerade: Theorising the Female Spectator[A]. Reprinted in Femmes Fatales[C]. London: Routledge, 1991.
[10] Riviere, Joan. Womanliness as a Masquerade[A]. in Burgin, V. Donald (et al.) Formations of Fantasy[C]. London and New York: Routledge.
[11] Claire Johnston. Femininity and the Masquerade: Anne of the Indies[A]. in E. Ann Kaplan (ed.) Psychoanalysis and Cinema[C]. London: Routledge, 1990.
[12] Studlar, Gaylyn. Masochism and the Perverse Pleasure[A]. in Kaplan, E. Ann (ed.) Feminism and Film[C]. Oxford and New Y ork: Oxford University Press, 2000.
[13] Williams, Linda. When the Woman Looks[A]. in Mary Ann Doane, Patricia Mellencamp and Linda Williams (ed). Re-Vision: Essays in Feminist Film Criticism[C]. Los Angles: University Publications of America, Inc, 1984.
[14] Clover, Carol. Men, Women, and Chain Saws. Gender in the Modern Horror Film[M]. London: British Film Institute Publishing, 1992.
[15] Kaplan, E. Ann. Is the Gaze Male?[A]. Reprinted in Kaplan, E. Ann (ed.). Feminism and Film[C]. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
[16] Gaines, Jane. White Privilege and Looking Relations: Race and Gender in Feminist Film Theory[J]. Screen, 1988, 29 (4).
[17] hooks, bell. The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectators[A].in Stam, Robert & Toby Miller (ed.) Film and Theory: An Anthology[C]. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2000. |
|
|
|
2013, Vol. 0 
