Muslin Women, Sports Participation, and Body Culture
YANG Yu-hua1, QIU Jun2, XU Bo3, SU Ning4
1.3.Post-doctoral Station at Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China; 2.Department of Physical Education at Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 4. Research Center for Education of Beijing Dongcheng District, Beijing 100061, China
Abstract::In a muslin world, the relationships among female, body, sport, and culture are complex, and the complexity exists in history. In Islamic classical teachings, female sport and religion were not mutually exclusive. The issue lies in women's body that should be obscured are exposed in sports. As time goes by, muslin women are striving for progress in elite sports and sports for all, and began to win recognition in society. Muslin women are leaping over the sex segregation through sports. Meanwhile, sports participation is becoming one area where muslin women are exposed to western and secular forces, and female muslin immigrants enter into the mainstream society.
[1] Dekmejian, H.. The Anatomy of Islamic Revival: Legitimacy, Crisis, Ethnic Conflict and Search for Islamic Alternatives[J]. Middle East Journal, 1980,Winter. [2] Von Grunebaum, G. E.. Medieval Islam: A Study in Cultural Orientation(2nd Ed)[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953. [3] Weber, M.. The Sociology of Religion[M]. Boston, Beacon, 1963. [4] Leila Sfeir. The Status of Muslim Women in Sport: Conflict between Cultural Tradition and Modernization [J]. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 1985, (20). [5] Shaltut, M.. Min Tawjihat al-Islam[M]. Cairo, Dar al-Kalam, 1966. [6] Ahrabi-Fard, I.. Implication of the Original Teachings of Islam for Physical Education and Sport[Z]. Unpublished Thesis, University of Minnesota, 1975. [7] Campbell, C. I.. The Excellent Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad: The Excellent Sayings of Hazrat Ali[M]. New York, Khaneghah and Maktab al Maleknia Naseralishah, 1978. [8] Stodolska, Monika, Livengood, Jennifer S.. Immigrant Muslims in the United States[J]. Journal of Leisure Research, Third Quarter, 2006. [9] Klett, edited by Ilse Hartmann-Tews, Gertrud Pfister. Sport and Women: Social Issues in International Perspective[M]. Routledge, 2003. [10] S Nökel. Die Töchter der Gastarbeiter und der Islam. Zur Soziologie alltagsweltlicher Annerkennungspolitiken- Eine Fallstudie. Bielefeld (transcript), 2002. [11] Hassiba Boulmerka. Algerian Role Model[N]. Archived from The Original on 2008-09-12. [12] BBC. Hassiba Boulmerka: Defying Death Threats to Win Gold[N]. 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2012-02-11. [13] Adnkrono. Iran: Women Excluded from Sports in the Name of Islam[N]. 2007-12-19. Retrieved September 21, 2008-09-21. [14] Bill Saporito. Wonder Women[EB/OL]. http://olympics.time.com/2012/08/09/olympic-wonder-women/. [15] 阳煜华.共融与发展:亚洲女性与体育[J].中华女子学院学报,2012,(6). [16] Foer, Franklin. How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization[M]. New York: Harper Collins, 2004. [17] Tait, Robert. Iranian Women Kick Out Against Football ban[N]. The Guardian, 2005-06-06. [18] Beck. L., and Keddie, N., (eds.) .Women in the Muslim World[M]. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1978. [19] Hilmi, I., and Asker, N. Ideology, Politics, and Sport in Egypt[J].Leisure Studies, 1983,(2). [20] 赵万智.从头巾到长袍:法国穆斯林女性服饰政治化背后[J].中国穆斯林,2010,(5). [21] Nazroo, J. Y.. The Structuring of Ethnic Inequalities in Health: Economic Position, Racial Discrimination, and Racism[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2003,(93). [22] Gareth A Davies. Nawal El Moutawakel is Still a Running Light[N]. The Telegraph, 2007-12-26.