|
|
|
| Female Entrepreneurs' Social Network: Existing Research and Its Future Direction |
| ZHANG Jun-xiao1 LI Yao-kuang2 YAO Xiao-fang3 |
| 1.2.3.School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Based on a review of existing literature on female entrepreneurs and their social networks, this paper discusses, at first, two perspectives: individual or intentional perspective, and structural or situational perspective and identifies that the latter dominates the mainstream research. We thus decide to focus on an exploration of female entrepreneurs' social networks based on the perspective of structures. Finally, based on the limited research material, we propose future research directions.
|
|
Received: 19 January 2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 罗青兰,孙乃纪,于桂兰.社会网络视角下的女性创业研究[J].管理现代化,2012, (5).
[2]康宛竹.性别视角下的社会资本研究述论[J].经济研究导刊,2008,(10).
[3]费涓洪.社会资本与女性创业——上海30位私营企业女性业主的个案调查[J].中华女子学院学报,2005,(2).
[4]刘中起.社会资本构建与女性创业发展:理论视阈与实践路径[A].2009年中国社会学年会“中国社会变迁与女性发展”论坛论文集[C].2009.
[5]胡怀敏,范倘. 社会资本视角下的女性创业[J].经济论坛,2006,(21).
[6]Riger, S., Galligan, P.. Women in Management: An Exploration of Competing Paradigms[J]. American Psychologist, 1980, 35(10).
[7]Fischer, C. S., and Oliker S. J.. A Research Note on Friendship, Gender, and the Life Cycle[J]. Social Forces, 1983, (61).
[8]Moore, G.. Structural Determinants of Men's and Women's Personal Networks[J]. American Sociological Review, 1990, 55(5).
[9]Leskinen, R.. Success in the Female Entrepreneurial Networking Process[J]. Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, 2011, 2(1).
[10]Fagenson, E. A.. Personal Value Systems of Men and Women Entrepreneurs Versus Managers[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 1993, 8(6).
[11]Ellis, L.. Evolutionary Neuroandrogenic Theory and Universal Gender Differences in Cognition and Behavior[J]. Sex roles, 2011, 64(9-10).
[12]Hendrick, S. S.. Why Women Don't Succeed[J]. National Business Employment Weekly, 1981, 10(18).
[13]Kanter, R. M.. Men and Women of the Corporation[M]. New York: Basic Books,1977.
[14]Bruin, A., Brush, C. G. and Welter F.. Advancing a Framework for Coherent Research on Women's Entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2007, 31(3).
[15]Dhaliwal, S., Scott, J. and Hussain, J.. Help or Hindrance South Asian Women in the Family Firm[J]. Journal of Family Business Studies, 2010, 4(1).
[16]Antonucci, T. C. and Akiyama, H.. An Examination of Sex Differences in Social Support among Older Men and Women[J]. Sex Roles, 1987,(17).
[17]Burda, P. C., Vaux, A. and Schill, T.. Social Support Resources: Variation across Sex and Sex Role[J]. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1984,(10).
[18]Moore, G.. Structural Determinants of Men's and Women's Personal Networks[J]. American Sociological Review, 1990, 55(5).
[19]Coates, D. L.. Gender Differences in the Structure and Support Characteristics of Black Adolescent’s Social Networks[J]. Sex Roles, 1987,(17).
[20]Brass, D. J.. Men's and Women's Networks: A Study of Interaction Patterns and Influence in an Organization[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1985, 28(2).
[21]Aldrich, H. E., Reese, P. R. and Dubini, P.. Women on the Verge of a Breakdown? Networking among Entrepreneurs in the United States and Italy[J]. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 1989,(1).
[22]Ibarra, H.. Personal Networks of Women and Minorities in Management: A Conceptual Framework[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1993, 18(1).
[23]Lin, N., Vaughn J. C. and Ensel, W. M.. Social Resources and Occupational Status Attainment[J]. Social Forces, 1981, 59(4).
[24]Moult, S.. Is Gender the Key Issue? A Study of Female Entrepreneurs in Grampian[C]. Proceedings of Small Business and Enterprise Development Conference. European Research Press. Amsterdam, 2000.
[25]Cromie, S., Birley S.. Networking by Female Business Owners in Northern Ireland[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 1992, 7(3).
[26]Smeltzer, L. R., Fann, G. L.. Gender Differences in External Networks of Small Business Owner/Managers[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 1989, 27(2).
[27]García, M. C. D., Carter, S.. Resource Mobilization through Business Oowners' Networks: Is Gender an Issue?[J]. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2009, 1(3).
[28]Greve, A., Salaff, J. W.. Social Networks and Entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2003, 28(1).
[29]Klyver, K., Grant, S.. Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Networking and Participation[J]. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2010, 2(3).
[30]Bogren, M., von Friedrichs, Y., Rennemo, O. et al.. Networking Women Entrepreneurs: Fruitful for Business Growth?[J]. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2013, 5(1).
[31]Renzulli, L. A., Aldrich, H. and Moody, J.. Family Matters: Gender, Networks and Entrepreneurial Outcomes[J]. Social Forces, 2000,79 (2).
[32]Brush, C. G.. Women-Owned Businesses: Obstacles and Opportunities[J]. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 1997, 2(1).
[33]Carter, S., Anderson, S. and Shaw, E.. Women's Business Ownership: A Review of the Academic, Popular and Internet Literature with a UK Policy Focus[J]. Development of Tradey Industry, 2001.
[34]Runyan, R. C., Huddleston, P., Swinney, J.. Entrepreneurial Orientation and Social Capital as Small Firm Strategies: A Study of Gender Differences from a Resource-Based View[J]. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2006, 2(4).
[35]Menzies, T. V., Diochon, M. and Gasse, Y.. Examining Venture-Related Myths Concerning Women Entrepreneurs[J]. Journal of Development Entrepreneurship, 2004, 9(2).
[36]Mencken, F.C., Winfield, I.. Job Search and Sex Segregation: Does Sex of Social Contact Matter[J]. Sex Roles, 2000, (42).
[37]Uzzi B.. Embeddedness in the Making of Financial Capital: How Social Relations and Networks Benefit Firms Seeking Financing[J]. American Sociological Review, 1999.
[38]Moore, D. P. and Buttner, E. H.. Women's Organizational Female Business Owners: An Exploratory Study[J]. Journal Small Business Management, 1997,(7).
[39]Wotson, J.. Networking: Gender Differences and the Association with Firm Performance[J]. International Small Business Journal, 2012, 30(5).
[40]Brands, R. and Kilduff, M.. Just Like a Woman? Effects of Gender-Biased Perceptions of Friendship Network Brokerage on Attributions and Performance[J]. Organization Science, 2013, ().
[41]Timberlake, S.. Social Capital and Gender in the Workplace[J]. Journal of Management Development, 2005, 24(1).
[42]Burt, R..The Gender of Social Capital[J]. Rationality and Society, 1998, 10(5).
[43]Kumra, S., Vinnicombe, S.. Impressing for Success: A Gendered Analysis of a Key Social Capital Accumulation Strategy[J]. Gender, Work & Organization, 2010, 17(5).
[44]Larson, A.. Network Dyads in Entrepreneurial Settings: A Study of Governance of Exchange Relationships[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1992, (37).
[45]Sorenson, R. L., Folker, C. A. and Brigham K. H.. The Collaborative Network Orientation: Achieving Business Success through Collaborative Relationships[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2008, 32(4).
[46]Slotte Kock, S. and Coviello, N.. Entrepreneurship Research on Network Processes: A Review and Ways Forward[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2010, 34(1).
[47]Knouse, S. B., Webb, S. C.. Virtual Networking for Women and Minorities[J]. Career Development International, 2001, 6(4).
[48]Jenssen, J. I. and Greve A.. Does the Degree of Redundancy in Social Networks Influence the Success of Business Start-Ups[J] . International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 2002, 8(5).
[49]Foss, L.. Research on Entrepreneur Networks: The Case for a Constructionist Feminist Theory Perspective[J]. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2010, 2(1).
[50]Ruef, M., Aldrich, H. E. and Carter, N. M.. The Structure of Founding Teams: Homophily, Strong Ties, and Isolation among U.S. Entrepreneurs[J]. American Sociological Review, 2003, (68).
[51]Aldrich, H., Elam, A.. and Reese, P. R.. Strong ties, Weak Ties, and Strangers: Do Women Business Owners Differ from Men in Their Use of Networking to Obtain Assistance[A]. In Entrepreneurship in a Global Context[C]. Edited by S. Birley and I. MacMillan. New York: Routledge. 1997.
[52]Katz, J. M.. Williams, P.. Gender, Self-Employment and Weak-Tie Networking through Formal Organizations[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 1997, 9(3).
[53]Kleist, V. F.. Social Networking Ties and Low Interest, Underrepresentation and Low Status for Women in Information Technology Field[J]. Sex Roles, 2012, 66(3).
[54]Mitchell, J. C.. The Concept and Use of Social Networks[M]. Eng: Manchester University Press, 1969.
[55]Marsden, P. V.. Network Data and Measurement[J]. Annual Review of Sociology, 1990, (16).
[56]Hampton, A., Cooper, S., Mcgowan, P.. Female Entrepreneurial Networks and Networking Activity in Technology-Based Ventures: An Exploratory Study[J]. International Small Business Journal, 2009, 27(2).
[57]O'Donnell, A., Gilmore, A., Cummins, D. et al.. The Network Construct in Entrepreneurship Research: A Review and Critique[J]. Management Decision, 2001, 39(9).
[58]Godwin, N., Stevens, E. and Brenner, L.. Forced to Play by the Rules? Theorizing How Mixed-Sex Founding Teams Benefit Women Entrepreneurs in Male-Dominated Contexts [J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2006, 30(5).
[59]Davis, A. B., Aldrich, H. E.. The Organizational Advantage? Social Capital, Gender and Small Business Owners Access to Resources[Z]. American Sociological Association Meeting, 2000.
[60]Hoang, H., Antoncic, B.. Network-Based Research in Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2003, 18(2).
[61]Blisson, D., Rana, B. K.. The Role of Entrepreneurial Networks: The Influence of Gender and Ethnicity in British SMEs[C].//46th ICSB World Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, 2001.
[62]Klyver, K., Terjesen, S.. Entrepreneurial Network Composition: An Analysis across Venture Development Stage and Gender[J]. Women in Management Review, 2007, 22(8).
[63]Neergaard, H., Shaw, E., Carter, S.. The Impact of Gender, Social Capital and Networks on Business Ownership: A Research Agenda[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 2005, 11(5).
[64]Dodd, S. D., Patra, E.. National Differences in Entrepreneurial Networking[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2002, 14(2).
作者简介：1.张军晓（1987-），女，合肥工业大学管理学院2012级硕士研究生。研究方向：创业投资。2.李姚矿（1967-），男，合肥工业大学管理学院教授，博士生导师。研究方向：创业风险投资，财务管理和国家税收。3.姚晓芳（1956-），女，合肥工业大学管理学院教授，硕士生导师。研究方向：风险投资与创业管理，资本经营与投资决策。
*基金项目：本文为国家自然科学基金面上项目“女性创业融资的个人和制度因素解析及融资网络构建研究”（项目编号：71272056）的阶段性成果。 |
| [1] |
. [J]. , 2022, 0(1): 52-. |
|
|
|
|
2016, Vol. 0 
