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| Origins of Gender-based Stereotypes and "Stigmatization" of Female and Masculine Athletes |
| YANG Yu-hua1 , WU Guang-liang2 |
1. Department of Sports in School of Culture and Law at Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China；
2. Department of Sports at Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China |
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Abstract This study examines the relationships between gender stereotypes and female athletes, focusing on, in particular, the stigmatization of female and masculine athletes. There are two expressions of stigmatization: the lesbian and the tomboy. The study tries to trace the origins of the stigmatization of these female athletes in the tradition of patriarchy, feminine codes of conduct, and the homophobia in sports fields.
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2014, Vol. 0 
